Improvement in vapor-burners



4 M. L. BALLARD.

MIL L A;

Unit-TED STATES PATENT @1F-Flon.

MARTIN i LUTHER, BALLARD, p o'r oANTom oHIo.

" `ifm PRlovfENiE tir-iu` v-A-PoR-BURNERS.

,y Specification forming part of 'Letters Patent No. 186,519, dated January 23, 1877 Yapplication tiled;

i December-2,1876.

To all whom t'tmayconcem Be it known that LMARTINL. BALLARD,

otl Canton, in the county of Stark and, State ot` Ohio, have inventedcertain newland useful Improvements in Vapor-Burners; andI do hereby declare that thcfollowing is a full, clear, `and exact description thereoi',`which willena'ble others skilled in theart to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part'of this specilication.

Figure I is a sectional view ot my improved vapor-burner. Fig, II isa planfview, `showing the detlecting-shields This invention relates tothat'class ot'` illuminators in which the volatilehydrocarbons Vare burned, and the burning materialvaporized by a supplemental llame, in order to supply or feed thev illuminating-dame. The object of the invention is to obtain a burner which shallbe cheaply constructed, perfectly safe, and less bulky and unsightly than those heretofore in use.

In the drawings, A represents a tube or pipe proceeding from the reservoir of oil. B isa stop-cock, by which the flow fromsaid pipe is regulated. C is an oil-feeding tube, constructed of suitable material, and leadin the oil` from the pipe A to that part of the burner which is used as a retort. This tube G is packed or iilled with pieces of emery, preferably ot' dierent sizes, the receiving endbeing filled with very small particles, while'those at the other end are somewhat larger. This emery may be secured in the horizontal tube by means of a wire-gauze, c.

Hitherto in the manufacture of vapor-burners great difticulty has been experienced in so packing the tubes which conduct the oil as to prevent the passage of `iiame to the reservoir, and at the same time allow the oil to pass insuch manner as to be thoroughly' vaporized. ployed have `been subject to such changes, physical and'chemical, from the action of the hydrocarbons, and the changes in temperature, that their eciency has been impaired.

By experiment I have ascertained that to ac-` i complish the desired ends it is necessary to jihave a hard, insoluble material, which `will The packings that have been ein-*- liquid passing through it; `that it should be a` good conductor ofheat,` should prevent the.

`flowing of theoil in a continuous current, and` should not become incrusted with non-conducting oxidations. My `experiments have lcdme to the adoption ofbroken emery for,

this purpose, which possesses these desired properties, and which, besides being exceedingly hard andinsoluble, has, when broken, unusually angular and irregular` surfaces The tube C, at the delivery end, connects with a vertical tube, D, which, at its.- lower end, communicates with a short horizontal tube or pipe, E, of which one end communicates with an orifice, F, and the other with an orifice, G, said orifices being upon opposite sides of the Vertical tube D. Communication with the orifice F is controlled by the screw I and with the orifice Gr by the screw l', which screwsare ot' the ordinary construction. A

It will be seen from the drawings that by this construction I am enabled to employ two jets, one for the purpose of heating, the other for illuminating, which canbe regulated independently of each other, as circumstances may require. The oriiice F allows the escape of gas for a heating-jet by which the vaporization is effected, and in order to effect it more properly I turn the line of the jet so that it may play directly against the tube D. The heat thus passes around three sides of the vertical tube upward against the horizontal tube C, which tubes together become a retort. In order Vthat the retort part of the tubes: may receive as much of the heat as possible, I so cast or make the burner that it shall have a vertical web or shield, K, extending from the outer side of the orice F to the tube C. The gas for illuminating passes vertically through orice G into the burner-tube L Where itis mixed with air, which enters: the burner-tube through apertures M; Experiment has shown that, by placing these airapertures on a line horizontal with the oriiice G, `andwith such an inclination4 that the air shall enter, not horizontally, which would impede the flow 'of gas, but with` an upward fect mixture of the gas and air than by they devices heretofore employed. After the gas has been thus mingled With air it passes to the burner-tip N, Where it is ignited for illumination. In order to prevent the hot currents from the heating-orifice F interfering With the illuminating-flame, I so cast or make the burner that horizontal deflectors or shields O shall extend from the sides of the burnertube between the heating-jet orifice andthe illuminating-jet orifice.

It is apparent that my vapor-burner is so simple and small that the greater part, if not the Whole, of it can be cast in one piece of metal, and this is the method of manufacture which I follow, thus being enabled to produce a cheap yet effective burner.

The operation is simple, and will be readily understood from the foregoing description. The oil passes from the reservoir to the tube O, where it percolates through the emery packing, which breaks its continuous flow, and forms it into thin sheets for readier vaporization. The orifice G being closed, and the orice F open, a small quantity of the oil Will pass through the heating-tube D and escape at F, Where it readily ignites and furnishes a flame that immediately vaporizes the oil passing over it, and supplies the orifice G with an abundance of illuminating-gas.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a vapor-burner, a tube filled with emery, through which vthe hydrocarbon is conducted to the jets, as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a vapor-burner, a retort formed of a, horizontal tube, a vertical tube beneath the horizontal tube, and a burner-tube contiguous to the vertical tube, in combination With a jetorifice, which heats all of said tubes, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a Vapor-burner, a heating-jet'orice and an illuminating-jet orifice, arranged as described, so that the gas-jets can be regulated independently of each other, substantiallyas set forth.

4. In a vapor-burner, a horizontal tube, from which a vertical tube and a vertical shield extend downward, in combination with a heating-orifice' between said vertical tube and shield, substantially as set forth.

5. Tube C and tube D,'in combination with orices F and Gr, substantially as set forth.

6. Tube C, shield K, tube D, and orifice F, in combination with tube L, orifice Gr, and air-passages M, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I affix my signature in presence'oi two Witnesses.

MARTIN LUTHER BALLARD Witnesses:

C. E. SoWERs, PERGY S. SoWERs. 

